Fasteners typically include the following 12 types of components.

Bolt: A fastener consisting of a head and a screw (a cylindrical body with external threads).

1. Bolt: A fastener consisting of a head and a screw (a cylindrical body with external threads), which requires a nut to securely fasten and join two components through a through-hole. This type of connection is called a bolted joint. If the nut is unscrewed from the bolt, the two components can be separated; therefore, a bolted joint is a detachable connection.
2. Stud: A fastener that has no head and features external threads at both ends. During assembly, one end must be screwed into a part via an internal-threaded hole, while the other end must pass through the part via a through-hole. A nut is then tightened onto the threaded end, securely joining the two parts as a single unit. This type of connection is called a bolted joint and is classified as a detachable connection. It is primarily used in situations where one of the components to be joined is relatively thick, a compact structure is required, or frequent disassembly and reassembly make bolted joints impractical.
3. Screws: Also a type of fastener consisting of a head and a screw thread, screws can be categorized into three main types based on their intended use: machine screws, set screws, and special-purpose screws. Machine screws are primarily used to fasten parts with tapped holes to parts with through-holes, without the need for nuts (this type of connection is called a screw joint and is a detachable connection; they can also be used in conjunction with nuts to securely join two components both equipped with through-holes). Set screws are mainly used to fix the relative positions of two parts. Special-purpose screws, such as lifting-eye screws, are designed for use in lifting components.
4. Nut: A component with an internal threaded hole, typically shaped like a flat hexagonal prism, but it can also be a flat square prism or a flat cylindrical shape. It is used in conjunction with bolts, screws, or machine screws to fasten and join two parts together, thereby integrating them into a single unit.
5. Self-tapping screws: Similar to machine screws, but the threads on these screws are specially designed for self-tapping applications. They are used to securely fasten two relatively thin metal parts together into a single unit, requiring pre-drilled small holes in the parts beforehand. Due to their high hardness, these screws can be directly screwed into the holes of the parts, thereby forming corresponding internal threads within the parts themselves.
6. Wood screws: Similar to machine screws, but with threads specifically designed for wood. These screws can be directly screwed into wooden components (or parts), securely joining metal (or non-metal) components with through-holes to wooden structures. This type of connection is also considered a detachable joint.
7. Washer: A flat, circular fastener placed between the bearing surface of a bolt, screw, or nut and the surface of the connected component. It increases the contact area of the joined parts, reduces the pressure per unit area, and protects the surface of the connected component from damage. Another type of elastic washer can also prevent nuts from loosening.
8. Retaining ring: Installed in the shaft groove or bore groove of a machine or equipment, it prevents parts from moving left and right along the shaft or in the bore.
9. Sales: Primarily used for left-right positioning of parts; some applications also include connecting parts, securing parts, transmitting power, or locking fasteners during the locking process.
10. Rivet: A fastener consisting of a head and a shank, used to secure and join two parts (or components) that each have holes, thereby integrating them into a single unit. This type of connection is called a riveted joint, often abbreviated as "riveting." It is classified as a non-removable joint. If the two joined parts are separated, the rivets on the parts will inevitably be damaged.
11. Component and Fastener Assembly: A component assembly is a type of fastener supplied as a combination, such as a machine screw (or bolt, self-tapping screw) paired with a flat washer (or spring washer, lock washer). A fastener assembly refers to a set of fasteners supplied in combination consisting of specific types of bolts, nuts, and washers—for example, high-strength large hexagon-head bolt assemblies used in steel structures.
12. Welded rivet: A heterogeneous fastener consisting of a rivet shank and a rivet head (or without a head), which is fixed and joined to a part (or component) by welding for further connection with other parts.

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Fasteners typically include the following 12 types of components.

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